Classification and evaluation of digital forensic tools

Digital forensic tools (DFTs) are used to detect the authenticity of digital images. Different DFTs have been developed to detect the forgery like (i) forensic focused operating system, (ii) computer forensics, (iii) memory forensics, (iv) mobile device forensics, and (v) software forensics tools (SFTs). These tools are dedicated to detect the forged images depending on the type of the applications. Based on our review, we found that in literature of the DFTs less attention is given to the evaluation and analysis of the forensic tools. Among various DFTs, we choose SFTs because it is concerned with the detection of the forged digital images. Therefore,the purpose of this study is to classify the different DFTs and evaluate the software forensic tools (SFTs) based on the different features which are present in the SFTs. In our work, we evaluate the following five SFTs, i.e.,“FotoForensics”, “JPEGsnoop”, “Ghiro”, “Forensically”, and “Izitru”, based on different features so that new research directions can be identified for the development of the SFTs

Carbon nanotube and its possible applications

529-551Carbon nanotubes are the closed tabular structures consisting of nested cylindrical graphitic layers capped by fullerene-like ends with a hollow internal cavity, which were first discovered by Iijima in 1991. It consists of either one cylindrical graphene sheet, i.e., single-wall nanotube (SWNT)) or of several nested cylinders with an interlayer spacing of 0.34-0.36 nm, i.e., multiwall nanotube (MWNT)). The lengths of SWNTs and MWNTs are usually well over 1 m and diameters range from ~1 nm (for SWNTs) to ~50 nm (for MWNTs). SWNTs are usually closed at both ends by fullerene-like half spheres that contain both pentagons and hexagons. Carbon nanotubes show exceptional electronic and mechanical properties. They are flexible but very hard to stretch and have extremely low turn-on fields and high current densities ranking them among the best electron field emitters for future field emission displays. This article presents an overview of current state of research on carbon nanotubes. In this review, we have focused on different synthesis routes for carbon nanotubes growth, used during last 12 years and possible future applications of carbon nanotubes especially in fuel cell and field emission displays. We have also discussed various parametric studies reported by several groups and extracted from their observations the common factors, which seem to be important towards a controlled production of carbon nanotubes. The limitations of these approaches, compatibility between an up-scaled production, the quality of the grown nanotube materials as well as the question of an economic production, have also been addressed

Advances in nanomaterials

This book provides a review of the latest research findings and key applications in the field of nanomaterials. The book contains twelve chapters on different aspects of nanomaterials. It begins with key fundamental concepts to aid readers new to the discipline of nanomaterials, and then moves to the different types of nanomaterials studied. The book includes chapters based on the applications of nanomaterials for nano-biotechnology and solar energy. Overall, the book comprises chapters on a variety of topics on nanomaterials from expert authors across the globe. This book will appeal to researchers and professional alike, and may also be used as a reference for courses in nanomaterials

Electrical Conductivity and Thermoelectric Power of a-Se80−x\text{}_{80-x}Ga20\text{}_{20}Tex\text{}_{x} (x=0,5,10,15 and 20) Thin Films

The dc conductivity and thermoelectric power of a-Se$\text{}_{80-x}$Ga$\text{}_{20}$Te$\text{}_{x}$ (x=0,5,10,15 and 20) thin films were reported in the present work. The free charge carrier concentration was calculated with the help of dc conductivity and thermoelectric power measurements. The calculated values of free charge carrier concentration were used to evaluate the free charge carrier mobility from which grain boundary potential was evaluated. The results are interpreted in terms of small polaron hopping, the structure of Se-Te and the grain boundary potential barrier